![]() Astronomical objects: linking to databases.Including author names using non-Roman alphabets.Suggested resources for more tips on language editing in the sciences Punctuation and style concerns regarding equations, figures, tables, and footnotes Some lower-mass stars experience the first and third dredge-ups in their evolution without ever having gone through the second. Note: The names of the dredge-ups are set by the evolutionary and structural state of the star in which each occurs, not by the sequence in which they occur in any one star. The third dredge-up brings helium, carbon, and the s-process products to the surface, increasing the abundance of carbon relative to oxygen in some larger stars this is the process that turns the star into a carbon star. The third dredge-up The third dredge-up occurs after a star enters the asymptotic giant branch, after a flash occurs in a helium-burning shell.This second dredge-up causes an increase in the surface abundance of 4He and 14N, whereas the amount of 12C and 16O decreases. When helium fusion comes to an end at the core, convection mixes the products of the CNO cycle. ![]()
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